南极独角雪冰鱼(Chionodraco hamatus)miR-204对斑马鱼胚胎血管发育的作用机制研究

南极独角雪冰鱼（Chionodraco hamatus）是目前已知的唯一缺乏血红蛋白、且不具有功能性血红细胞的脊椎动物。与相同生境下的其他南极鱼相比，其血管明显变粗，毛细血管增多。前期对南极独角雪冰鱼与近缘种伯氏肩孔南极鱼（Trematomus bernacchii）的血管microRNAs表达进行对比，发现南极独角雪冰鱼的miR-204的表达与伯氏肩孔南极鱼间存在显著差异，推测miR-204极有可能参与了南极冰鱼血管发育的调控。为证明此假设，运用斑马鱼（Barchydanio rerio）这一模式生物，利用斑马鱼胚胎显微注射技术、靶基因预测、双荧光素酶报告系统等一系列分子生物学手段对miR-204在斑马鱼血管发育中的调控作用进行探究。结果显示，抑制miR-204表达能使斑马鱼胚胎躯干部毛细血管增生。荧光素酶活性分析表明，miR-204可以显著降低trib3的表达，同时在斑马鱼胚胎中共注射miR-204和trib3后的GFP萤光强度显著降低，GFP蛋白量减少，说明miR-204对trib3有抑制作用。trib3最初发现是抑制果蝇胚胎和生殖细胞有丝分裂的假激酶，后续研究发现其参与动脉粥样硬化的调控以及糖尿病血管纤维化。综上，推测miR-204可能通过抑制trib3的表达进而调控毛细血管的增生。     

南极磷虾酶解产物中一种含氟多肽的研究

通过酶解法从南极磷虾肌肉酶解产物中分离、纯化含氟多肽,并采用LC-MS/MS和氨基酸序列分析对其结构进行研究。结果表明,采用胰蛋白酶酶解所得南极磷虾多肽粗提物的得率约为20%,其总氟含量为(731.73±1.01)μg·g^-1。粗提物精制后,制备得到纯度较高的6个多肽(分别命名为F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6),采用离子色谱法筛选出含氟量最高的多肽F6,测定其结合肽氟含量为(266.11±0.40)μg·g^-1。将F6的氨基酸序列片段通过NCBI-Nucleotide-Euphausiacea蛋白质数据库检索,按匹配值得分高于100分可筛选鉴定得到4种蛋白质[Clock,Tropomyosin,ATP synthase subunit 6(mitochondrion),Arginine kinase],通过对4种蛋白的分析发现,南极磷虾蛋白结合氟通过与Clock蛋白磷酸化结合的可能性最大。研究结果对今后探究南极磷虾中含氟蛋白的安全评价提供了技术支撑,对南极磷虾应用价值的进一步开发具有重要意义。     

管束干燥设备加工南极磷虾品质分析

探究南极磷虾管束干燥过程的特性及品质变化规律,为高品质虾粉加工提供工艺参数。设置110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃和150℃5组干燥温度,以南极磷虾料温、水分含量、干燥速率为干燥特性指标,检测干燥过程中南极磷虾粗蛋白、粗脂肪、虾青素和色泽变化。结果显示:管束干燥温度越高,达到干燥终点所用时间越短,每升高10℃,时间缩短10~20 min;当物料水分≥60%且物料温度≤60℃时,各组营养含量变化差异不大;当物料水分<60%或物料温度>60℃,各组虾青素和脂肪含量变化极其显著(P<0.01)。研究表明:采用管束干燥机加工南极磷虾,当物料水分≥60%且物料温度≤60℃时,可采用130℃~150℃的干燥温度以提高干燥效率;当物料水分<60%或料温>60℃时,宜采用<120℃的干燥温度,以获得较高品质的虾粉。     

Preparation,Gel Electrophoresis Analysis,and Nutritional Evaluation of a Functional Krill Protein Concentrate with Low Fluoride Level from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)

A functional krill protein concentrate (FKPC) with low level of fluoride was prepared from frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) using isoelectric precipitation and phosphoric acid treatment. Variations in proteins and nutritional properties of the FKPC were analyzed. Gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that some variations in protein composition were introduced by autolysis and pH shift during the process of isoelectric precipitation and fluoride removal. The FKPC was composed of 81.01% ± 0.45% crude protein (dry basis) and 16.78% ± 0.26% total lipid (dry basis), exhibited excellent amino-acid composition in all the essential amino acids, exceeding the requirements of the FAO/WHO/UNU for food protein, and was rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids present in phospholipids. The fluoride level of FKPC was 79.79 ± 2.10 μg/g (dry basis), which met the USFDA requirements. The surimi yield reached 43.74%, and the mean recovery rate of protein and fat was 52.68% and 41.44%, respectively. The nutritional value, safe level of fluoride, and high yield rate provide evidence that FKPC has a promising future in the food industry as a new aquatic protein and lipid resource.     

Effects of soy protein ratio,lipid content and minimum level of krill meal in plant‐based diets over the growth and digestibility of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

This study evaluated the effects of soy protein ratio, lipid content and the minimum dietary level of krill meal in plant‐based diets over the growth performance and digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei. Nine plant‐based diets varied the soybean meal (SBM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) inclusion ratio at 1 : 2.3, 1 : 1 and 2.5 : 1, and their dietary lipid content at 121.4 ± 9.4, 102.3 ± 1.2, and 79.9 ± 1.2 g kg^?1 (in a dry matter basis). An additional diet containing 120 g kg^?1 of fish meal (salmon by‐product) was used as a control. Krill meal was included at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 g kg^?1 in a new set of plant‐based diets. After 10 weeks in clear‐water tanks of 0.5 m³, no effect of SBM:SPC ratio and dietary lipid content was detected on shrimp survival. However, dietary lipid levels of 80 and 121 g kg^?1 combined with a high SPC to SBM resulted in the lowest final body weight and the poorest apparent crude protein digestibility, respectively. Krill meal increased feed intake at only 10 g kg^?1, while at 20 g kg^?1, it accelerated shrimp growth, increased yield and reduced food conversion ratio.     

南极磷虾的时空分布及遥感环境监测研究进展

环绕南极大陆的水圈部份为南极水域（南大洋），面积约3．6&#215;10^6km^2，具有丰富的海洋生物资源，目前已知鱼类多达200余种。南极磷虾是可以直接开发利用的渔业资源，据估计，每年可捕获的资源量约1．5&#215;10^8t，相当于世界渔获量的总和，是当今可利用的最大的渔业潜在资源^[1]。     

南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤Ⅵ.空间可变性与土壤景观

本文通过对南极海洋气候区自然环境和地表特征分析,指出本区土被发育与分布具有明显的不连续性特征;同时,在分析研究本区成土因素的空间变化格局及其对土壤发生、发育与演化影响的基础上,论述了南极海洋气候区土壤属性上的强烈空间可变性和类型上的高度分异性;最后,对本区有代表性的土壤景观系列进行了分析,指出成土因素空间变异的微域性特点造成了本区土壤景观的多样性与复杂性,本区自然环境的快速变化可能最终导致土壤景观的演变与重塑。     

南极Fildes半岛地衣在风化和成土过程中的作用

Lichens play an unparalleledly vital role in weathering and soil-forming processes in Antarctic region,In this study some related chemical components and micromorphological analyses have been carried out on the samples of the weathered rocks and the lichens grown on them from Files Peninsula,Antarctic,The results indicatied that the major chemical components in the bioweathering surface layer of the sampled rocks have been obviously altered and the weathering potential in this layer has greatly decreased by and average range around 4.66 percent in 4 samples,In the weathering surface layer ferruginiztion of some minerals in varying degress was seen by means of microscopic examination through the thin section of the weathered rocks,and its products proved to be dominated by hematitie,limonite,goethite and free iron oxides Meanwhile,the study suggested that the dissolution and absorption of lichens by their secretion accelerated the process of calcitization of minerals in the bio-weathering suface layer,Eventually,the results also show that different species of lichens play different roles in weathering and soil-forming proesses.     

Fluoride retention of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed krill meal

The present experiment was performed to study how fluoride from krill meal enriched muscle, whole fish and bone of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in sea water. Atlantic salmon (mean weight 0.5 kg) were divided into four triplicate groups and fed a commercial fish meal based diets with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g krill kg^?1 feed, respectively, for 12 weeks. The fluoride concentrations in the experimental feeds were analysed to be 18, 132, 235 and 358 mg kg^?1, respectively. Growth, mortality and feed efficiency were recorded through the experiment. Fluoride concentration was measured in muscle, whole‐body, and bone initially and after 12 weeks of feeding. The fluoride concentrations in the samples were determined by alkali fusion and fluoride ion‐selective electrode. Growth, mortality and feed efficiency ratio were not affected by the dietary treatments. The results showed that fluoride concentration in muscle, whole body and bone were not affected by the dietary fluoride level. The fluoride concentration in the tissues showed great variation among replicates of the group given the same diet. Fillets of the fish varied between 0.3 and 1.4 mg fluoride kg^?1 wet weight, whereas the whole‐body concentration of fluoride varied between 3.3 and 6.1 mg kg^?1 wet weight and the fluoride bone concentration varied between 5.8 and 7.2 mg kg^?1 fresh weight. These results suggest that Atlantic salmon are highly tolerant of dietary fluoride given as krill meal with concentration of fluoride up to 350 mg kg^?1 diet, and that accumulation of fluoride from feeding diets containing krill meal does not lead to tissue accumulation in the fish, at least over a short period of time.